II MID TERM QUESTION PAPER FOR X, XI & XII

II MID TERM QUESTION PAPER FOR X, XI & XII

II Mid term question paper

Happy Children's day - 14.11.2015

SRM  Nightingale School teachers and staff wishes our beloved children " Happy Children's Day" 

     

While we try to teach our children all about life, they teach us what is life all about. Thanks for having you, with this feel we wish you with regards  Happy Children's Day.

Let's save Earth - Preserve our Water Resource

Click the link
#savethamirabarani

Let us stop drinking pepsi, coke

Drawing by our school student

BY
S.J Yogesh VII A

A free hand effort from our children

  

George Boole - Birthday

Born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England November 2, 1815. Died Ballintemple, County Cork, Ireland December 8, 1864.

George Boole was the son of a shopkeeper. This working class of people were not given a high level of education. He had common schooling and a commercial course. His father, who had studied some mathematics privately, tutored George in the subject.

 At the age of 16 he was ready to find a profession that would allow him to support his aging parents. Boole worked as an assistant teacher at two schools over the next four years. He was not satisfied with the low wages and looked for another profession. He could not afford the Army or the Law, and he didn't like the teacher's wages, so he focused on the Church.

After four years of preparation to be a clergyman, his parents persuaded him back to teaching. He did learn French, German and Italian while studying to become a clergyman, languages that would help him later in mathematics.

At age 20, George Boole opened his own school. He had to begin teaching mathematics to his pupils, which sparked his own interest in math. Dissatisfied with the textbooks, he began reading Laplace and Lagrange for ideas. Inspired by ideas in their work, he wrote his first mathematical paper on the calculus of variations. During this time, Boole also discovered invariants.

Boole began submitting his work to the Cambridge Mathematical Journal. The editor, Duncan Gregory liked his papers and published them in the journal. Gregory suggested that Boole study at Cambridge, but he could not quit teaching because he supported his parents financially.

Boole began studying algebra as Gregory suggested. His work was soon published and awarded. In August 1849, Boole was appointed as a professor of mathematics at Queens College, Cork. Within two years, he was named Dean of Science.

In 1854, Boole published An Investigation into the Laws of Thought, on Which are founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. Boole suggested that logic and algebraic symbols were similar. By tying logic and algebra, Boole allowed algebra to be viewed as purely abstract. Today, computer programming is based upon Boolean algebra.

George Boole died on December 8, 1864, after several weeks of fighting a lung infection. George had walked to college in the rain, lectured, and returned home which prompted the sickness.

George Boole's contributions to mathematics have very modern applications: computer programming, electrical engineering, satellite pictures, telephone circuits and even Einstein's theory of relativity.

STREET ART

Street art is any art developed in public spaces. The term can include traditional graffiti art work, as well as, stencil graffiti, sticker art, wheatpasting and street poster art, video projection, art intervention, guerrilla art, flash mobbing and street installations.

To showcase the creativity in children on 29.10.2015, Street art on the topic "Heritage and Culture", the children from each class brought out their innate talent through charts and skit (தெருக்  கூத்து) with messages. Participation from middle school to higher secondary showed that team work and enthusiasm culminated with the presence of mind was a feast to the eyes at our school premises.    

 

The competition was adjudged by our Vice Principal and the results are as follows.

Level  I  - VII & VIII

    VIII standard won  the prize for their skit  
     1. VIII A - 
        - S.K.Nikitha, G Adithi , M Madhulika, S Akash, R Gunaseelan, H Sai Narayana
     2. VIII  B
        - B Kaviya, A Aparna, B Muthu selvi, A Vinithanjali, R Rahul, R Suraj, S Diwashan
     3. VIII B
        - B Varsha, G Haripriya, M Dhasmiya Begum, S Nivetha, V Parthibarajan,                         B.L Naveen kumar, M Nandhakumar, S Kishore, S Lokesh Kumar,                                 R Mageshwaran

Level   II    -  IX  &  X

      1. IX  A - M Aakash

      2. IX  B - S Shalini, S Fareen Yasmine, S B Iyshweriyaa shri, S Sai Krupa,                                      M Swetha, R Sruthi

      3. IX  B  - B Vasantha Rajan, V P Yuvan Raj, S Dinesh Kumar, S Saran Kumar,                             H Shalom & D Srivatsan

Level III  -  XI  &  XII

      1. XI  A -V.Sudhan, P Logesh and S Aswin 

      2. XI  B - S Mohana Priya, S Ashiba Raj, M Keerthi Subha 

      3. XII  B - K R Aadhi Venkatraman, B V Ganesh, S Sai Swetha, P Santhosh Raja                             and S Shajitha Parveen

Math Terms Gives Us Message -An article by our school Maths Teacher

May be a point P(X,Y) he/she is

   But belongs to U the Universe

Seems to be COMPLEX

   But REAL he/she is

Don't assume NOTHING he/she is

  Because NOTHING will be NUMBER ONE

Since TIME is VARIABLE

  Figure out the INFINITE TALENTS in him/her

Probably a BASKARA or PYTHAGORAS he/she will be

        WHO  Knows?

Don't DIFFERENTIATE him/her

    Please INTEGRATE the CAPACITIES within him/her

Allow him to play with NOTHING to NINE

    with INTEREST, in INTERNET 

COMPOUNDED it will be the BEST INVESTMENT it is

   COORDINATE yourself to draw the GRAPH

To MAXIMIZE the MAX THURST 

   Your RATE OF INTEREST is ACCOUNTABLE

LOCUS of P(X,Y)  led by U makes him as the WHOLE

   Please extend your STRAIGHT ANGLED helping hands

Till    INFINITY

                                                         N.Geetha

                                                    Maths Teacher                   

  

25.10.2015 - Right To Information Day - தகவல் பெரும் உரிமைச் சட்ட நாள்

தகவல் பெரும் உரிமைச் சட்டம் ஒரு சிறப்பு கண்ணோட்டம் !!

அரசு, அரசிடம் உதவி பெறும் நிறுவனங்களிடமிருந்து தகவல்களை பொதுமக்கள் அறிந்து கொள்ள, இந்திய அரசு 2005ம் ஆண்டு கொண்டு வந்தது தான் தகவல் அறியும் உரிமைச் சட்டம். இச்சட்டம் குறித்து விழிப்புணர்வு ஏற்படுத்தவும், அனைத்து மக்களிடமும் கொண்டு சேர்க்கும் வகையிலும் அக்.25ம் தேதி, தகவல் அறியும் உரிமை சட்ட தினம் கடைப்பிடிக்கப்படுகிறது.

காஷ்மீர் மாநிலத்திற்கு மட்டும் இச்சட்டம் பொருந்தாது. இன்று மக்களிடம் இச்சட்டம் பரவலாக சென்று சேர்ந்துள்ளது. ஏராளமான அதிர்ச்சியூட்டும், வியக்கவைக்கும் தகவல்கள் இதன் மூலம் பெறப்பட்டுள்ளன. யார் வேண்டுமானாலும் தகவல் பெறலாம். இச்சட்டம் ஜனநாயகத்துக்கு மேலும் வலு சேர்க்கிறது.

நன்றி :- http://www.valaitamil.com/thagaval-perum-urimai-sattam-guide_15185.html

Happy Saraswathi Pooja Wishes from SRM Nightingale Matric Higher Secondary School , West Mambalam - Chennai 33

வாணி சரஸ்வதி எங்கள் வாக்கில் நீ குடியிருந்து 

தாயே சரஸ்வதியே சங்கரி நீ எங்கள் முன் நடந்து 

எங்கள் நாவில் குடியிருந்து நல்லோசை தந்துவிட்டு 

கமலாசனத்தாலே எங்களைக் காத்து

எங்கள் குரலில் நீயிருந்து கொஞ்சிடனும் பெற்றவளே ...

எங்கள் நாவில் நீ தங்கி குடியிருந்து

சொற்பிழை பொருட்பிழை நீக்கி

நல்லறிவும் நல்வாழ்வும் நீ தந்து

மங்கல வாழ்விற்கு வழி வகுத்து

தஞ்சமென்ற பிள்ளைகளுக்கு

சாஸ்வதமான சரஸ்வதி தாயே

உன் திருவடி சரணம் போற்றி...

உன் மலரடி சரணம் போற்றி ...போற்றியே .....

நன்றி :-    eluthu.com
                    https://www.facebook.com/bhavani.boopathy - A Veena Artist's home page

20.10.2015 - world statistics Day - சர்வதேச புள்ளியியல் தினம்

"On this World Statistics Day, I urge all partners and stakeholders to work together to ensure that the necessary investments are made, adequate technical capacity is built, new data sources are explored and innovative processes are applied to give all countries the comprehensive information systems they need to achieve sustainable development."

Ban Ki-moon

Theme: Better Data, Better Lives

This is the second World Statistics Day.  This year’s theme emphasizes the critical role of high-quality official statistical information in analysis and informed policy decision-making in support of sustainable development. It also reflects the importance of sustainable national statistical capacity to produce reliable and timely statistics and indicators measuring a country’s progress.

The UN General Assembly decided with resolution 69/282 to celebrate the day every five years from now on. 

The Assembly also noted that 2015 marks the bicentenary of the birth of George Boole, whose work on the application of the principles of logic as a form of algebra underpins modern computer science.

The first World Statistics Day was celebrated in 2010, as decided in resolution 64/267, and was deemed an overwhelming success, with activities organized in more than 130 Member States and by at least 40 international and regional organizations and entities.

Source : http://www.un.org

சர்வதேச புள்ளியியல் தினம் - 20.10.2015
சர்வதேச புள்ளியியல் தினம், இந்தாண்டு(2015) ‘Better Data, Better Lives’ என்ற குறிக்கோளோடு கடைபிடிக்கப்படுகிறது. ஒவ்வொரு நாடும் மிகச் சரியான புள்ளி விவரக் கணக்குகளை எடுப்பதன் மூலமாக மக்கள் தொகை வளர்ச்சி, கல்வி வளர்ச்சி விகிதம், தொழில் துறை உற்பத்தி, காடுகள் விகிதம், பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சி நிலை, ஆண்டு தோறும் உணவு தானியங்களின் விளைச்சல் விகிதம், அடிப்படையான நுகர்பொருளிற்கான தேவைகள், மருத்துவத் துறையின் வளர்ச்சி நிலை போன்ற பல மக்கள் நலன் சார்ந்த திட்டங்களை நிறைவேற்றுவதற்கு புள்ளி விவரங்கள் மிகவும் இன்றியமையாததாகும். முதன் முதலாக 2010-ஆம் ஆண்டு சர்வதேச புள்ளியியல் தினம் கொண்டாடப்பட்டது.

மூலம் :https://www.facebook.com/ yenipathipagam

International day for the eradication of poverty

உலகில் பசி, பிணி, வறுமை, உழைப்பு சுரண்டல் ஆகியவற்றிற்கு எதிராக பிரான்ஸ் நாட்டின் தலைநகர் பாரிசில் 1987-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஒரு லட்சம் மக்கள் ஒன்று கூடி, உலகம் முழுவதும் வறுமைக் கோட்டின் கீழ் வாழும் மக்களுக்கு தேவையான அடிப்படை வசதிகள், வேலை வாய்ப்பு, சுகாதாரம் உள்ளிட்ட கோரிக்கைகளை முன்னிறுத்தி ஜோசப் ரெய்ன்ஸ்கி என்பவர் தலைமையில் முன்னெடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டது. ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபை, இதனை ஏற்று ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் அக்டோபர் 17 அன்று, உலக வறுமை ஒழிப்பு தினத்தை அனுசரித்து வருகிறது.

October 16 - World Food Day 2015 - The theme - “Social protection and Agriculture."

Happy World Food Day.

Let us pledge to save ourselves by having good organic farming and not to waste any food. Think there are plenty who suffer from poverty - without food.

                       World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on 16 October in honor of the date of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945. The day is celebrated widely by many other organisations concerned with food security, including the World Food Programme and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

                The World Food Day theme for 2014 was Family Farming: “Feeding the world, caring for the earth”

Five key facts about global hunger

• One in nine people on Earth do not have enough food to lead an active, healthy life – around 795 million people.
• Although Asia is the continent with the most hungry people – around two-thirds of the total, Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest prevalence (percentage of the population) of hunger. One person in four in the African continent is undernourished, according to the World Food Programme.
• Poor nutrition causes nearly half of all deaths (45%) in children under the age of five – which is around 3.1 million children every year.
• If women farmers had the same access to resources as men, the number of hungry in the world could be reduced by up to 150 million, according to the WFP.
• According to the Global Hunger Index, 52 countries are suffering from "serious" or "alarming" levels of hunger, of which the Central African Republic suffers the greatest level of hunger (which is defined by a number of factors, including child mortality).

Source: World Food Programme

ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபையில், 1945-ஆம் ஆண்டு தொடங்கப்பட்ட உணவு மற்றும் வேளாண்மை துறையின் நினைவு நாளாக 1978-ல் அதன் 20-வது மாநாட்டில் ஹங்கேரி நாட்டின் முயற்சியால் உலக உணவு தினம் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் அக்டோபர் 16 அன்று உலகம் முழுவதும் கொண்டாடுகின்றனர். நவீன உணவுத் தொழில்நுட்ப முறையில் உணவு தானியங்களின் உற்பத்தி காலத்தை அதிகரித்தாலும், வளர்ந்து வரும் மக்கள் தொகையின் விகிதத்தோடு ஒப்பிடும்போது, தற்போது நிலவி வரும் உணவுப் பற்றாக்குறை எதிர் காலங்களில் மென்மேலும் அதிகரித்து ஒவ்வொரு நாட்டிலும் மிகுந்த நெருக்கடியை ஏற்படுத்தும் அபாயம் உள்ளது. ஆகையால் விஞ்ஞானிகள் தானியங்கள், பழங்கள், உணவுப் பயிர்களின் உற்பத்தியின் வேகத்தை அதிகரிக்க ஆராய்ச்சியில் ஈடுபட்டுவருகின்றனர்.

                                      In spite of the importance of agriculture as the driving force in the economies of many developing countries, this vital sector is frequently starved of investment. In particular, foreign aid to agriculture has shown marked declines over the past 20 years.

• 1981: Food comes first
• 1982: Food comes first
• 1983: Food security
• 1984: Women in agriculture
• 1985: Rural poverty
• 1986: Fishermen and fishing communities
• 1987: Small farmers
• 1988: Rural youth
• 1989: Food and the environment
• 1990: Food for the future
• 1991: Trees for life
• 1992: Food and nutrition
• 1993: Harvesting nature's diversity
• 1994: Water for life
• 1995: Food for all
• 1996: Fighting hunger and malnutrition
• 1997: Investing in food security
• 1998: Women feed the world
• 1999: Youth against hunger
• 2000: A millennium free from hunger
• 2001: Fight hunger to reduce poverty
• 2002: Water: source of food security
• 2003: Working together for an international alliance against hunger
• 2004: Biodiversity for food security
• 2005: Agriculture and intercultural dialogue
• 2006: Investing in agriculture for food security
• 2007: The right to food
• 2008: World food security: the challenges of climate change and bioenergy
• 2009: Achieving food security in times of crisis
• 2010: United against hunger
• 2011: Food prices - from crisis to stability
• 2012: Agricultural cooperatives – key to feeding the world
• 2013: Sustainable Food Systems for Food Security and Nutrition
• 2014: Family Farming: “Feeding the world, caring for the earth”
• 2015: “Social protection and Agriculture."

Source : Internet , Wikipedia

YOUTH AWAKENING DAY CELEBRATION IN OUR CAMPUS

To honor our former president Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam, his birth day is celebrated as youth awakening day. The campus was festooned with a commemorative mood with young minds par taking in the events conducted.Go ahead read all what all you wanted to know about the man who rose from a humble beginning to become a world acclaimed statesman was an activity.  

The Agenda
        1. "Our Missile Man's Life history" - A speech in English

        2. "Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam - an Inspiration" - An oration in English

        3. Kalam Aathichudi - A Poem in Tamil agara varisai

        4. "Enthusiasm" - The inspirational speech India 2020

        5. A glimpse on his popular books - To kindle reading habit

        6. A Skit - The real life incident of Dr. Kalam

        7. A Tribute in Tamil by Teachers 

  

 

    The wholehearted participation of students made the the programme enjoyable.

• From their full attention it is understood that Abdul Kalam  resides in their hearts.
• Students volunteered with portraits & drawings of Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
• An Album about our honorable former president by a student was inspiring.
• Articles on Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam by the students show their involvement.  
• Our Principal shared the happy moment of his personal experience of having met this honorable man face to face years ago. This humble and simple man with silver tongue enthralled the fledglings in science by citing examples from day to day life. 
• It coincided with showing examples of achievers an instance at our school where S. Vijay Prabu of Std XII  won a cash amount of Rs.10000/- by displaying a project at Easwari Engineering college on 14.10.2015 entitled " How to save fuel while producing Hydrogen ".
• Every individuals prime duty is to make India a Developed Nation by 2020 as dreamt by Dr.Abdul Kalam was our Principal's view. May we all raise up to the occasion.

FEATHER IN THE CAP - AWARD WON BY S VIJAY PRABU XII

WATER ENGINE

Case study:-

•        The idea of this project first started while studying 8^th std

•        We prepared diagram, documentation and we keep on developing the idea.

•    Then we got a chance of implementing the idea now.

•    We first used electrolytic tank with the two tanks joined in a small joint and two electrodes

•     But because of long distance between 2 electrodes the output was low.

•     We used a lot of electrodes like zinc, carbon, copper, iron.

•     We used a lot of conduction salts with water like NaCl, KCl, Na2CO3, NaHCo3, AgCl, MgSO4 and alkaline like NaOH and acids like HCl, H2SO4.

•     We found the best conduction medium to be NaOH.

•     Then we designed a tank with 2 electrode and we gave high voltage and high current.

•     The output was low.

•     Then we found that the max voltage to be given is 12 V.

•     So we designed a electrode cell with 4 electrode pairs in a glass jar

•     Good amount of hydrogen evolved.

•     But it was not enough for an engine.

•     There was also some leakage of gas We encountered some explosions.

•     We attached a small pump to suck gas. 

•     There was leakage in the pump.

•     Then we attached a funnel to extract hydrogen. then we placed tank  in lower    position with respect to engine in connected with a thick pipe

 

At present, engine runs by hydrogen assisted by the petrol.  In near future we will be making an engine that completely runs on water.

This is our latest blue print:-

WATER ELECTROLYSIS:-

Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H₂O) into oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂) due to an electric current being passed through the water.

This technique can be used to make hydrogen fuel (hydrogen gas) and breathable oxygen; though currently most industrial methods make hydrogen fuel from natural gas instead.

CHEMISTRY:-

     An electrical power source is connected to two electrodes, or two plates which are placed in the water.  Hydrogen will appear at the cathode and oxygen will appear at the anode.

     Electrolysis of pure water requires excess energy so the efficiency of electrolysis can be increased by addition of electrolyte such as a salt, an acid or a base.

In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction takes place, with electrons (e­^-) from the cathode being given to hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas (the half reaction balanced with acid).

Reduction at cathode:  2 H⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → H₂(g)

At the positively charged anode, an oxidation reaction occurs, generation oxygen gas and giving electrons to the anode to complete the circuit.

Oxidation at anode:  2 H₂O(l) → O₂(g) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 4e⁻

Overall reaction:  2 H₂O(l) → 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g)

The number of hydrogen molecules produced is thus twice the number of oxygen molecules.  Assuming equal temperature and pressure for both gases, the produced hydrogen gas has therefore twice the volume of the produced oxygen gas.  The number of electrons pushed through the water is twice the number o generated hydrogen molecules and four times the number of generated oxygen molecules.

ELECTORDES:-

Material:-    Steel(8 pairs)             

Voltage:-     12V

Current:-      35A

ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION:-

Water + NaOH

TWO STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION:-

     A two stroke or two cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.

     Two stroke engine was invented by British engineer Joseph Day in 1889.

WORKING:-

     Two stroke engines do not have valves, which simplifies their construction and lowers their weight.

     Two stroke engines fire once every revolution, while four stroke engines fire once every other revolution.  This gives two stroke engines a significant power boost.

     Two stroke engines can work in any orientation.  A standard four stroke engine may have problems with oil flow unless it is upright and solving this problem can add complexity to the engine.

     These advantages make two stroke engines lighter, simpler and less expensive to manufacture.  Two stroke engines also have the potential to pack about twice the power into the same space because there are twice as many power strokes per revolution.  The combination of light weight and twice the power gives two stroke engines a great power to weight ratio compared to many four stroke engine designs.

WATER ENGINE WORKING:-

·       From the battery, current goes to the electrolytic cell which contains water and NaOH.

·       Current electrolyses water to liberate hydrogen and oxygen.

·       Collected hydrogen and oxygen and goes to the fuel in take in the engine.

·       It mixes with air inside the carburetor and burns inside the engine.

·       Dynamo in the engine once again recharge the battery.

ENGINE:-

·       Capacity-50cc

·       3.5bhp

·       5bhp

   EARLIER WATER ENGINE CLAIMS

Garrett electrolytic carburetor

Charles H. Garrett allegedly demonstrated a water-fuelled car "for several minutes", which was reported on September 8, 1935, in The Dallas Morning News. The car generated hydrogen by electrolysis as can be seen by examining Garrett's patent, issued that same year. This patent includes drawings which show a carburetor similar to an ordinary float-type carburetor but with electrolysis plates in the lower portion, and where the float is used to maintain the level of the water. Garrett's patent fails to identify a new source of energy.

Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell

At least as far back as 1980, Stanley Meyer claimed that he had built a dune buggy that ran on water, although he gave inconsistent explanations as to its mode of operation. In some cases, he claimed that he had replaced the spark plugs with a "water splitter", while in other cases it was claimed to rely on a "fuel cell" that split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The "fuel cell", which he claimed was subjected to an electrical resonance, would split the water mist into hydrogen and oxygen gas, which would then be combusted back into water vapour in a conventional internal combustion engine to produce net energy. Meyer's claims were never independently verified, and in an Ohio court in 1996 he was found guilty of "gross and egregious fraud". He died of an aneurysm in 1998, although conspiracy theories claim that he was poisoned.

Dennis Klein

In 2002, the firm Hydrogen Technology Applications patented an electrolyser design and trademarked the term "Aquygen" to refer to the hydrogen oxygen gas mixture produced by the device. Originally developed as an alternative to oxyacetylene welding, the company claimed to be able to run a vehicle exclusively on water, via the production of "Aquygen", and invoked an unproven state of matter called "magnegases" and a discredited theory about magnecules to explain their results. Company founder Dennis Klein claimed to be in negotiations with a major US auto manufacturer and that the US government wanted to produce Hummers that used his technology.

At present, the company no longer claims it can run a car exclusively on water, and is instead marketing "Aquygen" production as a technique to increase fuel efficiency, thus making it Hydrogen fuel enhancement rather than a water-fuelled car.

Genesis World Energy (GWE)

Also in 2002, Genesis World Energy announced a market ready device which would extract energy from water by separating the hydrogen and oxygen and then recombining them. In 2003, the company announced that this technology had been adapted to power automobiles. The company collected over $2.5 million from investors, but none of their devices were ever brought to market. In 2006, Patrick Kelly, the owner of Genesis World Energy was sentenced in New Jersey to five years in prison for theft and ordered to pay $400,000 in restitution.

Genepax Water Energy System

In June 2008, Japanese company Genepax unveiled a car which it claims runs on only water and air, and many news outlets dubbed the vehicle a "water-fuel car". The company says it "cannot [reveal] the core part of this invention,” yet, but it has disclosed that the system uses an onboard energy generator (a "membrane electrode assembly") to extract the hydrogen using a "mechanism which is similar to the method in which hydrogen is produced by a reaction of metal hydride and water". The hydrogen is then used to generate energy to run the car. This has led to speculation that the metal hydride is consumed in the process and is the ultimate source of the car's energy, making the car a hydride-fuelled "hydrogen on demand" vehicle, rather than water-fuelled as claimed. On the company's website the energy source is explained only with the words "Chemical reaction". The science and technology magazine Popular Mechanics has described Genepax's claims as "Rubbish." The vehicle that Genepax demonstrated to the press in 2008 was a REVAi electric car, manufactured in India and sold in the UK as the G-Wiz.

In early 2009, Genepax announced they were closing their website, citing large development costs.

Thushara Priyamal Edirisinghe

Also in 2008, Sri Lankan news sources reported that Thushara Priyamal Edirisinghe claimed to drive a water-fuelled car about 300 kilometers on three litres of water.Like other alleged water-fuelled cars described above, energy for the car is supposedly produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis, and then burning the gases in the engine. Thushara showed the technology to Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickramanayaka, who "extended the Government’s full support to his efforts to introduce the water-powered car to the Sri Lankan market."

Thushara was arrested a few months later on suspicion of investment fraud.

Daniel Dingel

Daniel Dingel, a Filipino inventor, has been claiming since 1969 to have developed technology allowing water to be used as fuel. In 2000, Dingel entered into a business partnership with Formosa Plastics Group to further develop the technology. In 2008, Formosa Plastics successfully sued Dingel for fraud, with the 82-year-old Dingel being sentenced to 20 years imprisonment.

Dr Ghulam Sarwar

In December 2011 a Pakistani doctor, Ghulam Sarwar claimed that he had invented a car that only runs on water. At the time the invented car was claimed to use 60% water and 40% Diesel or fuel, but that the inventor was working hard to make it run on only water, probably by end of June 2012. It was further claimed that the car "emits only oxygen Rather than the usual carbon".

Agha Waqar Ahmad

Agha Waqar Ahmad, a Pakistani, claimed in July 2012 to have invented water-fuelled car by installing a "water kit" for all kind of automobiles. The kit consists of a cylindrical jar, which holds the water, a bubbler, and a pipe leading to the engine. He claims that the kit uses electrolysis to convert water into "HHO", which is then used as fuel. The kit requires use of distilled water to work. Ahmed claims that he has been able to achieve much higher amounts of oxyhydrogen compared to any other inventor because of "undisclosed calculations". He has applied for a patent in Pakistan. Some Pakistani scientists alleged that Agha's invention is nothing but a fraud as it violates the laws of thermodynamics.

ADVANTAGES:-

·       They are non polluting.

·       Water is a renewable resource.

·       Hydrogen burns forming water vapour inside the engine as the bi-product so no water is wasted.

·       It does not emit any green house gases.

DISADVANTAGES:-

·       This project obeys the second law of thermodynamics, so efficiency can never be cent percent.

·       The battery should be recharged often.

SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

·       Use of lithium ion batteries instead of lead acid battery.

·       New Carburetor must be designed for good flow of hydrogen.

·       Use of inert metals like platinum or iridium as electrodes.