WATER ENGINE
Case study:-
•
The idea of this project first
started while studying 8th std
•
We prepared diagram, documentation
and we keep on developing the idea.
• Then we got a chance of implementing
the idea now.
• We first used electrolytic tank with
the two tanks joined in a small joint and two electrodes
• But because of long distance between
2 electrodes the output was low.
• We used a lot of electrodes like
zinc, carbon, copper, iron.
• We used a lot of conduction salts
with water like NaCl, KCl, Na2CO3, NaHCo3, AgCl, MgSO4 and alkaline like NaOH
and acids like HCl, H2SO4.
• We found the best conduction medium
to be NaOH.
• Then we designed a tank with 2
electrode and we gave high voltage and high current.
• The output was low.
• Then we found that the max voltage to
be given is 12 V.
• So we designed a electrode cell with
4 electrode pairs in a glass jar
• Good amount of hydrogen evolved.
• But it was not enough for an engine.
• There was also some leakage of gas We
encountered some explosions.
• We attached a small pump to suck gas.
•
There was leakage in the pump.
•
Then we attached a funnel to extract
hydrogen. then we placed tank in
lower position with respect to engine
in connected with a thick pipe
At present, engine runs by hydrogen assisted
by the petrol. In near future we will be
making an engine that completely runs on water.
This is our latest blue print:-
WATER ELECTROLYSIS:-
Electrolysis
of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current being passed through the water.
This
technique can be used to make hydrogen
fuel (hydrogen gas) and
breathable oxygen; though currently most industrial methods make hydrogen fuel
from natural gas instead.
CHEMISTRY:-
An electrical power source is
connected to two electrodes, or two plates which are placed in the water. Hydrogen will appear at the cathode and
oxygen will appear at the anode.
Electrolysis of pure water
requires excess energy so the efficiency of electrolysis can be increased by
addition of electrolyte such as a salt, an acid or a base.
In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction
takes place, with electrons (e-) from the cathode being given to
hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas (the half reaction balanced with acid).
Reduction at cathode: 2 H+(aq) + 2e− → H2(g)
At the positively charged anode, an oxidation reaction occurs,
generation oxygen gas and giving electrons to the anode to complete the
circuit.
Oxidation at anode: 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 H+(aq)
+ 4e−
Overall reaction: 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
The number of hydrogen molecules produced is thus twice the number of
oxygen molecules. Assuming equal temperature
and pressure for both gases, the produced hydrogen gas has therefore twice the
volume of the produced oxygen gas. The
number of electrons pushed through the water is twice the number o generated
hydrogen molecules and four times the number of generated oxygen molecules.
ELECTORDES:-
Material:- Steel(8 pairs)
Voltage:- 12V
Current:- 35A
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION:-
Water + NaOH
TWO STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION:-
A two stroke or two cycle engine is a type of
internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes of
the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.
Two stroke engine was
invented by British engineer Joseph Day in 1889.
WORKING:-
Two stroke engines do not have valves, which
simplifies their construction and lowers their weight.
Two stroke engines fire once
every revolution, while four stroke engines fire once every other
revolution. This gives two stroke
engines a significant power boost.
Two stroke engines can work
in any orientation. A standard four
stroke engine may have problems with oil flow unless it is upright and solving
this problem can add complexity to the engine.
These advantages make two
stroke engines lighter, simpler and less expensive to manufacture. Two stroke engines also have the potential to
pack about twice the power into the same space because there are twice as many
power strokes per revolution. The
combination of light weight and twice the power gives two stroke engines a
great power to weight ratio compared to many four stroke engine designs.
WATER ENGINE WORKING:-
· From the battery, current goes to the
electrolytic cell which contains water and NaOH.
· Current electrolyses water to liberate hydrogen
and oxygen.
· Collected hydrogen and oxygen and goes to the
fuel in take in the engine.
· It mixes with air inside the carburetor and
burns inside the engine.
· Dynamo in the engine once again recharge the
battery.
ENGINE:-
· Capacity-50cc
· 3.5bhp
· 5bhp
EARLIER WATER ENGINE CLAIMS
Garrett
electrolytic carburetor
Charles H. Garrett allegedly demonstrated a water-fuelled car
"for several minutes", which was reported on September 8, 1935, in The Dallas
Morning News. The car generated hydrogen by electrolysis as
can be seen by examining Garrett's patent, issued that same year. This patent includes drawings which show a carburetor similar to an ordinary float-type carburetor
but with electrolysis plates in the lower portion, and where the float is used
to maintain the level of the water. Garrett's patent fails to identify a new
source of energy.
Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell
At least as far back as 1980, Stanley Meyer claimed that he had
built a dune buggy that ran on water, although he gave
inconsistent explanations as to its mode of operation. In some cases, he
claimed that he had replaced the spark plugs with a "water splitter", while in other cases
it was claimed to rely on a "fuel
cell" that split the water
into hydrogen and oxygen. The "fuel cell", which he claimed was subjected to an electrical resonance, would split the water mist into hydrogen and
oxygen gas, which would then be combusted back into water vapour in a
conventional internal combustion engine to produce net energy. Meyer's claims were never
independently verified, and in an Ohio court in 1996 he was found guilty of
"gross and egregious fraud". He died of an aneurysm in 1998, although conspiracy theories claim that he was poisoned.
Dennis Klein
In 2002, the firm Hydrogen Technology Applications patented an
electrolyser design and trademarked the term "Aquygen" to refer to
the hydrogen oxygen gas mixture produced by the device. Originally developed as an alternative to oxyacetylene welding, the company claimed to be able to run a
vehicle exclusively on water, via the production of "Aquygen", and
invoked an unproven state of matter called "magnegases" and a
discredited theory about magnecules to explain their results. Company founder Dennis Klein claimed to be in negotiations with
a major US auto manufacturer and that the US government wanted to produce Hummers that used
his technology.
At present, the company no longer claims it can run a car
exclusively on water, and is instead marketing "Aquygen" production
as a technique to increase fuel efficiency, thus making it Hydrogen fuel
enhancement rather than a
water-fuelled car.
Genesis World Energy (GWE)
Also in 2002, Genesis World Energy announced a market ready
device which would extract energy from water by separating the hydrogen and
oxygen and then recombining them. In 2003, the company announced that this technology had been
adapted to power automobiles. The company collected
over $2.5 million from investors, but none of their devices were ever brought
to market. In 2006, Patrick Kelly, the owner of Genesis World Energy was
sentenced in New Jersey to five years in prison for theft and ordered to pay
$400,000 in restitution.
Genepax Water Energy System
In
June 2008, Japanese company Genepax unveiled a car which it claims runs on only
water and air, and many news outlets dubbed the vehicle a "water-fuel
car". The company says it "cannot [reveal] the core part of
this invention,” yet, but it has disclosed that the system uses an onboard energy
generator (a "membrane electrode assembly") to extract the hydrogen
using a "mechanism which is similar to the method in which hydrogen is
produced by a reaction of metal hydride and water". The
hydrogen is then used to generate energy to run the car. This has led to
speculation that the metal
hydride is consumed in the process and is
the ultimate source of the car's energy, making the car a hydride-fuelled
"hydrogen
on demand" vehicle, rather than
water-fuelled as claimed. On the company's website the energy source is
explained only with the words "Chemical reaction". The science and technology magazine Popular Mechanics has described Genepax's claims as "Rubbish." The
vehicle that Genepax demonstrated to the press in 2008 was a REVAi electric
car, manufactured in India and sold in the UK as the G-Wiz.
In
early 2009, Genepax announced they were closing their website, citing large
development costs.
Thushara Priyamal Edirisinghe
Also
in 2008, Sri Lankan news sources reported that Thushara
Priyamal Edirisinghe claimed to drive a water-fuelled car about 300 kilometers on three litres of water.Like other alleged water-fuelled
cars described above, energy for the car is supposedly produced by splitting
water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis, and then burning the gases
in the engine. Thushara showed the technology to Prime Minister Ratnasiri
Wickramanayaka, who "extended the Government’s
full support to his efforts to introduce the water-powered car to the Sri
Lankan market."
Thushara
was arrested a few months later on suspicion of investment fraud.
Daniel Dingel
Daniel Dingel, a
Filipino inventor, has been claiming since 1969 to have developed technology
allowing water to be used as fuel. In 2000, Dingel entered into a business
partnership with Formosa Plastics
Group to further develop the technology. In 2008, Formosa Plastics
successfully sued Dingel for fraud, with the 82-year-old Dingel being sentenced
to 20 years imprisonment.
Dr
Ghulam Sarwar
In
December 2011 a Pakistani doctor, Ghulam Sarwar claimed that he had invented a
car that only runs on water. At the time the invented car was claimed to use 60% water
and 40% Diesel or fuel, but that the inventor was working hard to make it run
on only water, probably by end of June 2012. It was further claimed that the
car "emits only oxygen Rather
than the usual carbon".
Agha
Waqar Ahmad
Agha
Waqar Ahmad, a Pakistani, claimed in July 2012 to have invented water-fuelled
car by installing a "water kit" for all kind of
automobiles. The kit consists of a cylindrical jar, which holds the
water, a bubbler, and a pipe leading to the engine. He claims that the kit uses
electrolysis to convert water into "HHO",
which is then used as fuel. The kit requires use of distilled water to work. Ahmed claims that he has been able
to achieve much higher amounts of oxyhydrogen compared to any other inventor
because of "undisclosed calculations". He has applied for a patent in
Pakistan. Some Pakistani scientists alleged that Agha's invention is
nothing but a fraud as it violates the laws of thermodynamics.
ADVANTAGES:-
· They are non polluting.
· Water is a renewable resource.
· Hydrogen burns forming water vapour inside the
engine as the bi-product so no water is wasted.
· It does not emit any green house gases.
DISADVANTAGES:-
· This project obeys the second law of
thermodynamics, so efficiency can never be cent percent.
· The battery should be recharged often.
SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT
· Use of lithium ion batteries instead of lead
acid battery.
· New Carburetor must be designed for good flow
of hydrogen.
· Use of inert metals like platinum or iridium as
electrodes.
